However, this model does not explain the origin of genetic information, membrane systems, or the complexification or diversity of cellular structure. In the iron-sulfur world theory, primitive life is assumed to have started at deep-sea hydrothermal vents as a mineral base redox reactions provided the chemical energy to drive the emergence of cellular life. Though the soup model has matured in recent decades, it has difficulty explaining the exact conditions of the early Earth atmosphere and the manner and order of emergence of polymeric systems. The primordial soup hypothesis, also know as the Oparin-Haldane model, posits that during the early evolution of the Earth, a reducing atmosphere provided the correct environment for the formation of basic organic compounds. The problem with this group of models is that it does not, in an empirically complete and consistent manner, explain the molecular origin of the first cell and hence avoids the issue in need of solution. The panspermia hypothesis has many forms, some of which suggest that life started elsewhere in the universe and arrived on Earth by cometary, meteoric, or planetary delivery.
Rather than give a comprehensive literature review, I introduce a handful of these ideas and point out their limitations. Solving this problem requires an interdisciplinary knowledge and an awareness of conventional theories, especially those related to the origin and evolution of life. How life abides by the second law of thermodynamics yet evolutionarily complexifies and maintains its intrinsic order is a fundamental mystery in physics, chemistry, and biology. The theoretical framework unifies the macrocosmic and microcosmic realms, validates predicted laws of nature, and solves the puzzle of the origin and evolution of cellular life in the universe. This theory is based upon a straightforward and non-mathematical core model and proposes unique yet empirically consistent explanations for major phenomena including, but not limited to, quantum gravity, phase transitions of water, why living systems are predominantly CHNOPS (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur), homochirality of sugars and amino acids, homeoviscous adaptation, triplet code, and DNA mutations. Here, I present a theoretical framework that economically fits evidence accumulated from examinations of life. Thus, the advancement of scientific understanding requires new models that resolve fundamental problems. Despite significant theoretical progress, experimental anomalies, paradoxes, and enigmas have revealed paradigmatic limitations.
Life is an inordinately complex unsolved puzzle.
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